DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHONETICS AND
PHONOLOGY
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in the
natural languages, and phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of
the sounds of human speech, or in the case of sign
languages, both study the sounds of the human speech, but the differences is phonology
study the acoustic auditory and articulatory or individual sounds, phonology
investigates the sounds and patterns difference within a language.
phonetics phonology
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GOALS OF PHONOLOGY
1. Firstname will work towards
increased intelligibility by decreasing his rate of speech during all tasks and
increasing his loudness level given less than 2 verbal cues per interaction.
2. Firstname will use
appropriate phrasing (pitch, volume, rate, stress) during sentence production
or conversation in 3 out of 4 trials.
3. Firstname will use correct
sequencing of syllables during multisyllabic word production in 3 out of 4 trials.
PHONEME
A phoneme may consist of several
phonetically distinct articulations, which are regarded as identical by native
speakers, since one articulation may be substituted for another without any
change of meaning. Thus /p/ and /b/ are separate phonemes in English because
they distinguish such words as pet and bet, whereas the light and dark /l/
sounds in little are not separate phonemes since they may be transposed without
changing meaning.
LETTER
The role of letters in
communication has changed significantly since the nineteenth century.
Historically, letters (in paper form) were the only reliable means of
communication between two people in different locations.
DIGRAPH
Is a pair of characters used to
write one phoneme (distinct sound) or a sequence of phonemes that does not
correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. The sound is
often, but not necessarily, one which cannot be expressed using a single
character in the orthography used by the language. Usually, the term
"digraph" is reserved for graphemes whose pronunciation is always or
nearly always the same.
CONSONANT
CLUSTER
A consonant cluster (sometimes
known as a consonant blend) is a group of consonants that appear together in a
word without any vowels between them. When reading clusters, each letter within
the cluster is pronounced individually. The following worksheets and activities
help with initial and final clusters. These form part of the National Literacy
Strategy for Year.
Initial
Consonant Cluster Word Lists (PDF)
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Final
Consonant Cluster Word Lists (PDF)
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Printable
Consonant Cluster Worksheets & Resources (First School Years)
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Word
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Online
and Interactive Consonant Cluster Resources (Games, Interactive Whiteboard,
etc.)
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IOA
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IOA
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IOA
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Third
Party Consonant Cluster Resources
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DFES
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DFES
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DFES
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ALLOPHONE
is one of a set of multiple
possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme.[1] For
example, [pʰ] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are allophones for the phoneme
/p/ in the English language. Although a phoneme's allophones are all
alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific allophone selected in a
given situation is often predictable. Changing the allophone used by native speakers
for a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not change the meaning
of a word but the result may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native
speakers of a given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as
a single distinctive sound in that language and are "both unaware of and
even shocked by" the allophone variations used to pronounce single
phonemes.
VOWELS
PHONEMES
Vowels may be classified as
either rounded or unrounded, as either lax or tense, and as either long or
short.
In articulating a rounded vowel,
the lips are rounded. The rounded vowels of Present-Day English are
1. /u/ (the phoneme spelled oo in
food);
2. /U/ (the phoneme spelled u in
put);
3. /o/ (the phoneme spelled oa in
boat);
4. /ô/ (the phoneme spelled au in
caught).
Note that there are different
degrees of rounding in these different vowels. The other vowels of Present-Day
English are unrounded.
In articulating a tense vowel,
the tongue and other parts of the vocal apparatus are relatively tense. With a
lax vowel, on the other hand, the muscles of the vocal apparatus are relatively
loose. The lax vowels in Present-Day English are
1. /I/ (the phoneme spelled i in
bit);
2. /e/ (the phoneme spelled e in
bet);
3. /U/ (the phoneme spelled u in
put);
4. /ô/ (the phoneme spelled au in
caught).
WHAT
IS WORD STRESS?
In English, we do not say each syllable with the same force or strength. In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable. We say one syllable very loudly (big, strong, important) and all the other syllables veryquietly.
Let's take 3 words: photograph, photographer and photographic. Do they sound the same when spoken? No. Because we accentuate (stress) ONE syllable in each word. And it is not always the same syllable. So the shape of each word is different.
click word to hear | shape | total syllables | stressed syllable |
| PHO TO GRAPH |    | 3 | #1 |
| PHO TO GRAPH ER | | 4 | #2 |
| PHO TO GRAPH IC | | 4 | #3 |
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