DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in the natural languages, and phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech, or in the case of sign languages, both study the sounds of the human speech, but the differences is phonology study the acoustic auditory and articulatory or individual sounds, phonology investigates the sounds and patterns difference within a language.

phonetics phonology

WhatIsPhonology.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics

3 GOALS OF PHONOLOGY

1. Firstname will work towards increased intelligibility by decreasing his rate of speech during all tasks and increasing his loudness level given less than 2 verbal cues per interaction.

2. Firstname will use appropriate phrasing (pitch, volume, rate, stress) during sentence production or conversation in 3 out of 4 trials.

3. Firstname will use correct sequencing of syllables during multisyllabic word production in 3 out of 4 trials.

PHONEME

A phoneme may consist of several phonetically distinct articulations, which are regarded as identical by native speakers, since one articulation may be substituted for another without any change of meaning. Thus /p/ and /b/ are separate phonemes in English because they distinguish such words as pet and bet, whereas the light and dark /l/ sounds in little are not separate phonemes since they may be transposed without changing meaning.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/phoneme

LETTER

The role of letters in communication has changed significantly since the nineteenth century. Historically, letters (in paper form) were the only reliable means of communication between two people in different locations.

DIGRAPH

Is a pair of characters used to write one phoneme (distinct sound) or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. The sound is often, but not necessarily, one which cannot be expressed using a single character in the orthography used by the language. Usually, the term "digraph" is reserved for graphemes whose pronunciation is always or nearly always the same.

CONSONANT CLUSTER

A consonant cluster (sometimes known as a consonant blend) is a group of consonants that appear together in a word without any vowels between them. When reading clusters, each letter within the cluster is pronounced individually. The following worksheets and activities help with initial and final clusters. These form part of the National Literacy Strategy for Year.

Initial Consonant Cluster Word Lists (PDF)
bl-	br-	cl-	cr-	dr-	fl-	fr-	gl-	gr-	pl-	pr-
sc-	sk-	sl-	sm-	sn-	sp-	squ-	st-	str-	sw-	tr-
Consonant Cluster / Vowel / Consonant (CCVC) Words

Final Consonant Cluster Word Lists (PDF)
-ct	-ft	-lb to -lt	-mp	-nd	-ng
-nk	-nt	-pt	-sk	-sp	-st
Consonant / Vowel / Consonant Cluster (CVCC) Words

Printable Consonant Cluster Worksheets & Resources (First School Years)
Resource Name	Type	Resource Name	Type
Consonant Cluster Flashcards	PDF	Initial Clusters - bl / br	PDF
Initial clusters - cl/cr (Y1)	PDF	Initial cluster - fl/fr (Y1)	PDF
Initial clusters - gl/gr (Y1)	PDF	Initial clusters - pl/pr (Y1)	PDF
Initial clusters - dr/tr (Y1)	PDF	Initial Clusters - S Clusters (1)	PDF
Initial Clusters - S Clusters (2)	PDF	Initial Clusters - tr/tw (Y1)	PDF
Mixed Initial Clusters (1)	PDF	Mixed Initial Clusters (2)	PDF
Mixed Initial Clusters (3)	PDF	CCVC Words (1)	PDF
CCVC Words (2)	PDF	Final cluster - nd (1)	Word
Final cluster - mixed (1)	Word	Initial Consonant Cluster Letter Cards	Word

Online and Interactive Consonant Cluster Resources (Games, Interactive Whiteboard, etc.)
Resource Name	Type	Resource Name	Type
Consonant Clusters Matching Squares	IOA	Initial Clusters Spelling	IOA
Final Clusters Spelling	IOA	Cluster Words Spelling	IOA

Third Party Consonant Cluster Resources
Resource Name	Type	Resource Name	Type
NLS Activity Resource Sheet (Final Clusters)	DFES	NLS Read and spell words with initial consonant clusters (1)	DFES
NLS Read and spell words with initial consonant clusters (2)	DFES	NLS Read and spell words with initial consonant clusters (3)	DFES
NLS 'S' Clusters Pictures (1)	DFES	NLS 'S' Clusters Pictures (2)	DFES
NLS Phonics Games to Play (1)	DFES	NLS 'B' Clusters Pictures	DFES
NLS Clusters - Onset and Rime	DFES	NLS Making Words	DFES

ALLOPHONE

is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds (or phones) used to pronounce a single phoneme.[1] For example, [pʰ] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are allophones for the phoneme /p/ in the English language. Although a phoneme's allophones are all alternative pronunciations for a phoneme, the specific allophone selected in a given situation is often predictable. Changing the allophone used by native speakers for a given phoneme in a specific context usually will not change the meaning of a word but the result may sound non-native or unintelligible. Native speakers of a given language usually perceive one phoneme in their language as a single distinctive sound in that language and are "both unaware of and even shocked by" the allophone variations used to pronounce single phonemes.

VOWELS PHONEMES

Vowels may be classified as either rounded or unrounded, as either lax or tense, and as either long or short.

In articulating a rounded vowel, the lips are rounded. The rounded vowels of Present-Day English are

1. /u/ (the phoneme spelled oo in food);

2. /U/ (the phoneme spelled u in put);

3. /o/ (the phoneme spelled oa in boat);

4. /ô/ (the phoneme spelled au in caught).

Note that there are different degrees of rounding in these different vowels. The other vowels of Present-Day English are unrounded.

In articulating a tense vowel, the tongue and other parts of the vocal apparatus are relatively tense. With a lax vowel, on the other hand, the muscles of the vocal apparatus are relatively loose. The lax vowels in Present-Day English are

1. /I/ (the phoneme spelled i in bit);

2. /e/ (the phoneme spelled e in bet);

3. /U/ (the phoneme spelled u in put);

4. /ô/ (the phoneme spelled au in caught).

www.furman.edu/~wrogers/phonemes/.../phvowel.ht...

WHAT IS WORD STRESS?

In English, we do not say each syllable with the same force or strength. In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable. We say one syllable very loudly (big, strong, important) and all the other syllables veryquietly.

Let's take 3 words: photograph, photographer and photographic. Do they sound the same when spoken? No. Because we accentuate (stress) ONE syllable in each word. And it is not always the same syllable. So the shape of each word is different.